Spiritualist Writing Machines: Telegraphy, Typtology, Typewriting

This paper examines how religious concepts both reflected and informed the Screwdriver Kit development of new technologies for encoding, transmitting, and printing written information.While many spiritualist writing machines were based on existing technologies that were repurposed for spirit communication, others prefigured or even inspired more ad

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Adaptive avoidance of reef noise.

Auditory information is widely used throughout the animal kingdom in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.Some marine species RESPIRAFECT are dependent on reefs for adult survival and reproduction, and are known to use reef noise to guide orientation towards suitable habitat.Many others that forage in food-rich inshore waters would, however, b

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